Kusarudza iyo Yakakodzera Frequency yeRFID Keyfobs
Dec 16, 2025
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Kusarudza iyo Yakakodzera Frequency yeRFID Keyfobs
Kurume 2024, boka revaongorori vezvekuchengetedza vakadonhedza bhomba paindasitiri yehotera. Lennert Wouters anobva kuKU Leuven naIan Carroll vakaburitsa yavanodaidza kuti Unsaflok-ruzhinji rwekusagadzikana muDormakaba Saflok kiyi dzinovabvumira kuvhura dhoo ripi neripi muhotera rine makiyi makadhi maviri ekunyepa. Zvinopfuura mamirioni matatu anokiya. 131 nyika. 13,000 zvivakwa.
The kicker? Makiyi aya akange atengeswa kubva 1988.
WIRED yakaifukidza. Ndizvo zvakaitawo KuraraComputer, Iyo Hacker Nhau, uye SecurityWeek. Dormakaba yakatsvanzvadzira kune zvigamba masisitimu, asi kubva pakuburitswa kwavo kwaKurume 2024, chete 36% yemakiyi akakanganisika akange agadziriswa. Vamwe vose vachiri kunze uko.
Chii chakaita kuti kurwisa kwacho kubvire? Makiyi akashandisa MIFARE Classic machipi achimhanyisa Crypto-1 encryption-a system cryptographer vanga vachiyambira nezvayo kweanopfuura makore gumi. Vatsvakurudzi vakaipwanya neFlipper Zero. Mutengo wemidziyo: mazana mashoma emadhora.
Izvi ndizvo zvinorehwa frequency kusarudzwa kunoreva kuwana kutonga.
Iyo 125 kHz mamiriro
Heino chikamu chisina kugadzikana.
Yakaderera-frequency RFID pa125 kHz ndiyo tekinoroji yechinyakare ichiri kushandiswa zvakanyanya. EM4100, TK4100, HID ProxCard-mazita anoratidzwa pamapepa ese kwese kubva mudzimba dzemafurati kusvika kumakampasi emakambani.
Aya machipisi anoita chinhu chimwe: kutepfenyura nhamba yakatarwa kana vasvika pedyo nemuverengi. Hapana kubata maoko. Hapana dambudziko-mhinduro. Hapana encryption zvachose.
ICT, kambani yeNew Zealand yekuwana inodzora, yakatumira ratidziro muna 2023 ichiratidza timu yavo ichigadzira kadhi re125 kHz mumasekonzi mashanu nemudziyo wemadhora makumi matatu. Kisi, mumwe mutengesi wezvekuchengetedza, akaburitsa zvinyorwa zvinoratidza Flipper Zero inogona kukopa zvitupa kuburikidza newallet uye homwe mukati mesekondi. TikTok izere nemavhidhiyo. Izvi hazvisi zvekufungidzira.
Saka nei chero munhu achiri kuendesa 125 kHz? Zvikuru zvenhaka zvivakwa. Chivako chine 500 vaverengi uye 10,000 zvitupa hazvigone kubvarura zvese nehusiku humwe. Zvakare mutengo-mutengo wakawanda paEM4100 keyfobs unogona kukwira $0.15 payuniti kana kudzika. Kune yekujimu kana nzvimbo yekuchengetera iyo yekutyisidzira modhi "mumwe munhu anogona kuverevedza mukati," iyo masvomhu inogona kuita zvine musoro.
Kune chero chinhu chine kuchengetedzwa chaiko zvinodiwa, hazviite.
13.56 MHz haisi yega kuchengetedza
Chiitiko cheUnsaflok chinonyatsoratidza kuti sei "kusimudzira kune yakakwira frequency" isiri mhinduro yakakwana.
MIFARE Classic inomhanya pa13.56 MHz pasi pe ISO 14443. Ine encryption. Hune huchokwadi. Zvakabva zvatsemuka, nekuti Crypto-1 yaive yemuridzi uye isina simba. Vatsvagiri vakatyora makiyi eDormakaba havana kuwana njodzi nyowani - vakabiridzira imwe nharaunda yekuchengetedza yaiziva kubva 2008.
Nyamavhuvhu 2024 yakaunza imwe hit. Muongorori weQuarkslab Philippe Teuwen akawana Hardware backdoor muMIFARE Classic makadhi akagadzirwa neShanghai Fudan Microelectronics. Iko kukanganisa kunobata FM11RF08S machipisi anoshandiswa mumahotera mhiri kweUS, Europe, China, neIndia. Chengetedzo Svondo, Iyo Hacker Nhau, RFID Journal zvese zvakamhanyisa nyaya.
Iyo pateni pano: 13.56 MHz inokupa iwe masisitimu ekuita encryption nemazvo, asi iyo chip mukati inobata zvakanyanya kupfuura frequency yakadhindwa pane iyo label.
MIFARE DESFire neAES-128 inoramba yakachengeteka kubva pakurwiswa kunozivikanwa. NTAG akatevedzana machipisi ekushandisa ari nyore. Izvi zvakasimuka. MIFARE Classic haina.
Verenga chinhambwe uye kukanganisa
Vanhu dzimwe nguva vanobvunza kana 13.56 MHz keyfobs inoshanda kuburikidza nezvipfeko nenzira imwecheteyo 125 kHz inoita.
Mhinduro pfupi: hongu. Mafrequency ese ari maviri anoshandisa inductive coupling pamatanho ekudzora ekuwana. Range inogara 1-10 cm kune akawanda keyfob fomu factor. Zvinhu zvesimbi zviri pedyo-nhare, makiyi, mabhandi mabhanhire-zvinogona kudzima antenna uye zvinoda kugogodzwa kechipiri. Hapana chinoshamisa.
UHF pa860-960 MHz yakasiyana fizikisi. Electromagnetic backscatter pane inductive coupling. Verenga mitsara yemamita akati wandei. Inobatsira pamagedhi ekupaka kana dura rekuisa, zvinonetsa pakupinda musuwo kwaunoda kuti humbowo huratidze chete kana mushandisi achida.
Dunhu frequency kugoverwa zvakare yakakamura mabhendi eUHF zvakasiyana pakati peNorth America neEurope, izvo zvinonetsa kutumirwa kwenyika.
Kutama pasina mhirizhonga
Dual-frequency keyfobs iripo chaiyo yekuchinja kwechikamu. Imba imwe chete ine zvese 125 kHz uye 13.56 MHz machipi. Vaverengi venhaka vanoona mumwe, vaverengi vakakwidziridzwa vanoona mumwe. Zvitupa zvinogara nevashandisi panguva yese yekuchinjana.
Iyo inomanikidza ndeye antenna dhizaini. Ose machipisi anoda kuverenga akavimbika pasina kukanganisa. Haisi yese keyfob fekitori inowana izvi zvakanaka. Simbisa maitiro usati wazvipira kuvhoriyamu maodha.
Mubvunzo chaiwo
Frequency kusarudzwa ipuroksi yesarudzo yakasiyana: unoita sei kana mumwe munhu akakopa chitupa?
- 125 kHz haina dziviriro. Chero ani ane madhora makumi matatu nemaminetsi gumi eYouTube anogona kubatanidza keyfob.
- 13.56 MHz ine MIFARE Classic yaitaridzika yakachengeteka asi yakanga isina. Mahotera achiri kutarisana nekudonha.
- 13.56 MHz ine DESFire kana yakaenzana inoramba iripo-parizvino.
"Hatizive nezve kurwiswa kwepasirese kunoshandisa kusagadzikana uku, asi hazvigoneke kuti kusagadzikana uku kunozivikanwa, uye kwakashandiswa, nevamwe."
- Vatsvakurudzi veUnsaflok
Makumi matatu-makore matanhatu ezvivharo zvisina njodzi. Ndiwo mutengo wekuwana frequency uye chip kusarudzwa zvisirizvo.
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