Chii chinoitwa neRFID Card?
Dec 25, 2025
Siya meseji
Chii chinoitwa neRFID Card?
Pamwe wakatep aRFID kadhikakawanda svondo rino pasina kufunga nezvazvo. Kiyi yekamuri yehotera, bheji rekupinda muchivako, pamwe kadhi rekufambisa-mumwe nemumwe akaita basa rake mukati mechidimbu chesekondi. Vanhu vazhinji havafunge nezvezviri kuitika chaizvo: iyo yakapfava tepi yakakonzeresa zviitiko zvemagetsi izvo zvaizoita senge ngano yesainzi makore makumi matatu apfuura.
Pane zvakawanda zviri kuitika pane kungozivikanwa chete. Chimwe chinhu chisina bhatiri, hapana chinooneka chinongedzo, uye pasina zvikamu zvinofamba zvinokwanisa kuita zvese izvi neimwe nzira.
Iko Kukohwa Kwesimba Kunoitika muMicroseconds
Bata RFID kadhi pedyo nemuverengi. Hausi kungounza zvinhu zviviri pedyo.
Antenna yemuverengi inogadzira inochinjika magineti pane imwe frequency (13.56 MHz yemakadhi akawanda ekuwana uye masisitimu ekubhadhara). Iyo munda inokwevera ikozvino mune kadhi coil antenna kuburikidza nemutual inductance. Uri kutarisa shandurudzo yakanyatsobatanidzwa inoyangarara nepakati-mhepo.
Iyo yekubatanidza coefficient pakati pemuverengi nekadhi kazhinji inotenderera 0.01 kusvika 0.1. Chete chikamu chidiki chemuverengi magineti anobatana nekadhi. Zvakwana hazvo. Seketi yekadhi inogadziridza inoshandura ikozvino kuinangisa ikozvino ne 65-73% kushanda zvakanaka, kunyangwe simba rekuisa rakadzikira se -12 dBm. Mazhinji madhizaini anoshandisa Dickson charge pombi kana muchinjiko-yakabatana CMOS kumisikidzwa. Mukati memicroseconds, iyo yemukati chip yakakohwa simba rakakwana kumuka, kuita chirongwa chayo, uye kupindura.
13.56 MHz
65-73% Kubudirira
Microseconds
Iyo fizikisi inowana zvinopesana. Magnetic field simba inoora pamwero we 1/r³ nechinhambwe, ndosaka uchifanira kuunza kadhi mukati memasendimita mashoma. Kuora kwekukurumidza ikoko kunoshanda sechinhu chekuchengetedza. A pickpocket inoda kudzvanya muverengi zvakanangana nechikwama chako kuti utarise data rekadhi rako.
Zvinoita Chip Chaizvoizvo Kupfuura Kuzivikanwa
Machipisi emazuva ano anorongedza mabhengi mana endangariro akasiyana -millimeter silikoni.
Reserved Bank
Inobata 64 bits yekuuraya uye kuwana mapassword. Aya ndiwo chaiwo ega-anoparadza macode anodzima zvachose tag kana ikakanganiswa.
EPC Bank
Inochengeta iyo Electronic Product Code, kazhinji 96-128 bits inoshanda sezita rekadhi.
TID Bank
Rine mugadziri-chaiwo chiziviso chisingachinjike zvachose.
Mushandisi Memory
Kubva pazero kusvika pa8 kilobits zvichienderana nechip uye inobata data rekushandisa.
Implementation inosiyana zvakanyanya pano. Kadhi kiyi yehotera inogona kungoshandisa 512 bits yakazara, inongokwana kuenzanisa nhamba yekamuri uye zuva rekupera. Kadhi rekubhadhara sevaya vanoshandisa MIFARE DESFire EV3 inoshandisa yakazara AES-128 encryption ine huchokwadi hwekubatana, meseji yakachengeteka uchishandisa CMAC zviyero, uye chikamu kiyi inotorwa. Musiyano unopfuura zvekuzora. Iwe uri kuenzanisa kukiya iwe yaunogona kutora mumaminitsi kupesana neiyo inogona kutora mazana emakore kutsemuka kunyangwe neyakazvitsaurira Hardware.
Iyo tekinoroji yekurangarira pachayo inosarudza kugona. Mazhinji makadhi anoshandisa EEPROM aine gumi,000 kusvika 100,000 kunyora ma cycles uye 3-10 millisecond nguva dzekunyora. Izvo zvakakwana kana iwe uri kuronga kadhi kamwe chete yekuvaka kuwana. Transit masisitimu uko makadhi anonyorerwa kakawanda zuva nezuva? EEPROM inoparara. Mashandisirwo ekutanga anoshandisa FRAM (Ferroelectric RAM) pachinzvimbo, kuwana mabhiriyoni gumi ekunyora kutenderera pamakumi mashanu nanosecond kumhanya. Zvinopfuura ka1,000 nekukurumidza kupfuura EEPROM uku uchipedza simba rakapetwa ka100 panguva yekuverenga.
UHF Inoshanda pane Yakasiyana Yakasiyana Fizikisi
Haasi ese eRFID makadhi anoshanda kuburikidza inductive coupling. Ultra-yakakwirira-frequency masisitimu anoshanda akatenderedza 915 MHz anoshandisa backscatter modulation pachinzvimbo-tegi antenna inotora magetsi emagetsi ichiaratidza kumashure uku ichimodela radar yayo pachayo-chikamu.
HF makadhi pa13.56 MHz max kunze kutenderedza mita imwe. UHF ma tag anogara achiverengwa pa10-15 metres. The tradeoff: UHF performance inodonha yakatenderedza simbi uye zvinwiwa. Haufe wakaona kadhi rekubhadhara reUHF nekuti chikwama chako chizere nemakadhi echikwereti chaizogadzira keji yeFaraday.
Chengetedzo Ranges kubva kuCatastrophically Yakaputsika kusvika Kusingaputsike
Chii chingaitwa nemumwe munhu kuti kadhi rako reRFID riite pasina mvumo yako?
The Broken
Mhuri yeMIFARE Classic, ichiri kushandiswa mumamiriyoni ezvivakwa zvekusvika masisitimu uye mamwe mafambisirwo ekare, inoshandisa cipher inonzi CRYPTO1 ine 48-bit kiyi uye isina kusimba mutsara wemhinduro regisheni. Multiple attack vectors iripo. The nested authentication exploit correlates keystreams to recovery keys in under one minute per key. Iyo Darkside kurwisa inoda zero yekuverenga kuverenga. Vatsvagiri vakawana backdoor yehardware mumakadhi eFM11RF08S kumashure muna Nyamavhuvhu 2024 iyo inogonesa kutorwa kwedata kwakazara mukati memaawa maviri kuburikidza nekamwe kuraira bit.
Kana chivakwa chako chichishandisa MIFARE Classic yekuwana kutonga, makiyi anoshongedza zvinobudirira.
The Unbreakable
Makadhi emazuva ano anoisa AES-128 encryption inosvika 3,000-4,000 gedhi-yakaenzana hardware ichishandisa pasi pe9 microamps. Kutyora AES-128 nechisimba chinoda kuyedzwa 2 ^ 128 makiyi anogoneka. Iyoyo inhamba huru kwazvo zvokuti dai wakatanga pakatanga zvinhu zvose uye ukaedza makiyi ane bhiriyoni pasekondi imwe neimwe, ungadai uchiri kushanda pairi kana zuva rapera. Iyo MIFARE DESFire EV2 uye EV3 mhuri dzinoita kuti cloning isaite kunyangwe munhu anorwisa achigona kuverenga kadhi kutapurirana.
Cryptography haigone kudzivirira pakurwiswa kwerelay zvakadaro. Vanorwisa vanowedzera kutaurirana zviri pamutemo vachishandisa maredhiyo transceivers. Izvi zvakaratidzwa zvichipesana nemakadhi eDutch ekufambisa pamusoro peBluetooth pamadaro anopfuura makumi mashanu emamita. Chaizvoizvo, mumwe munhu anogona kushandisa kadhi rako richiri muhomwe yako pane imwe nzvimbo yekupaka. Distance bounding maprotocol anosimbisa nguva yechiratidzo anogona kuona izvi ne100% kunyatsoita uye sub-1% manyepo, asi akawanda akaiswa masisitimu anoshaya dziviriro iyi.
Chaiyo-World Deployments
Disney MagicBand
Magadzirirwo anopfuura mamirioni makumi manomwe nematanhatu epagore vashanyi vachishandisa RFID wristbands yekuwana kamuri, kugamuchirwa kwepaki, FastPass kubhuka, kutenga, uye otomatiki mapikicha kuwiriranisa. Vaverengi vanoona mabhandi anosvika 40 tsoka kure. Inopfuura $ 1 bhiriyoni mukudyara kwezvivakwa.
Delta Air Lines
Yakaiswa zviuru zvina nemazana matanhatu eRFID scanner munhandare dzendege makumi masere neina, kuwana 99.9% yekutevera mikwende.
Decathlon
Kuita kwakawedzera huroyi hwezvinhu kubva pa86-90% kusvika pa99.2%, zvichideredza nguva dzekubuda kubva pa 20+ maminetsi kusvika pasi peminiti imwe.
Zvinorevei Izvi kune Chero Ani Anotakura Multiple RFID Makadhi
Iwe unogona kunge uine matatu kusvika mashanu makadhi eRFID muchikwama chako izvozvi. Kuvaka mukana, yekufambisa, makadhi ekubhadhara, pamwe nhengo yejimu.
Imwe neimwe inoshanda mune yayo yega frequency bhendi ine yayo kuchengetedza kuita. Ivo havapindire mumwe nemumwe nekuti vaverengi vanobvunza maprotocol chaiwo. Chivako chako chekuwana kuverenga hachikwanise kutaura nekadhi rako rechikwereti kunyangwe wakaedza.
Saka chii chaunofanira kunyatsoziva nezve avo vawakatakura?
Tarisa uone kana chivako chako chichishandisa MIFARE Classic (kana kadhi riine nhamba yeserial yakadhindwa, pamwe inodaro).
Funga kuti zvitoro zvekadhi rako rekufambisa zvinokoshesa munharaunda here kana kuti ingori referensi yeakaundi. Kuchengetera kwenzvimbo kunoreva kurasikirwa nekadhi kunoreva kurasikirwa nemari.
Makadhi ekubhadhara asingabatike anogona kuverengwa kubva kure nemasendimita mashoma, ndosaka RFID-mawallet ekuvharisa aripo. Ngozi chaiyo yekutyaira-nekutsveta inoramba iri yedzidziso yakapihwa makadhi ekuganhurirwa uye dhizaini yekutema.
Iyo tekinoroji haisi yemashiripiti uye haina kushamisa. Ielectromagnetic induction kana backscatter modulation, masekete ekukohwa kwesimba, -inoshanduka ndangariro, uye maprotocol ekutaurirana. Chii chinoita kuti zvishamise ndechekuti zvese izvi zvinokwana mupakeji iwe yaunogona kukotama usingatyoke, inodhura mapeni kugadzira pachiyero, uye inoshanda nekuvimbika zvekuti wakamira kufunga nezvayo makore apfuura.
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