Chii chinonzi Near Field Communication (NFC) ?

Near Field Communication (NFC) ipfupi-yeredhiyo yeredhiyo tekinoroji inobva pa13.56 MHzfrequency communication. NFC tekinoroji isingabatanidzwe, inonyanya kushandiswa mundima dzakadai semaki ruzivo rwekudyidzana, masystem ekutonga, hutano, makuponi, zvifambiso zveveruzhinji uye subway, kubhadhara, uye zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvevatengi.

 

 

Origins and Development

 

Zvinoenderana nedata, imwe tsvakiridzo yehunyanzvi hweNFC yekumberi-yakatotanga2002, asi iyo yepamutemo NFC pfungwa yakaziviswa zvakabatana paKurume 18, 2004, byPhilips Semiconductors(ikozvino NXP Semiconductors),Nokia,uyeSony, uyo panguva imwe cheteyo akatanga-sangano remaindasitiri asiri purofitiNFC Forum. Iyo yepasi tekinoroji yeNFC pachayo inotsanangurwa neNFC tekinoroji yakatarwa haina kugadzirwa uye kurongwa kubva pakutanga, asi yakavepo seyakasiyana kubva pane iripo.13.56 MHz isina kubata Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)tekinoroji, uye zvakare yakawana yechokwadi kumashure uye kumberi kwehunyanzvi kuenderana. Panyaya yepasirese uye kuchinjika, yakagadzirwa kuti ienderane neakawanda matekinoroji uye zvigadzirwa zviripo pamusika sezvinobvira, sekutsigira kuverenga kwemakadhi aripo akavharidzirwa ane musoro senge.Mifare Ultralight, Topazi, Mifare Desfire, Felica, nezvimwewo, uye zvakare kutsigira kuverenga kweJAVA makadhi (CPU makadhi)zvichibva pane zvakajairwa zveGP.

 

Nhoroondo Milestones

 

Kubva pakavambwa foramu muna 2004 kusvika zvino, tekinoroji yeNFC yapfuura makore anopfuura gumi nemaviri. Munguva ino, indasitiri yakasangana nekukwira nekudzika kwakasiyana, vamwe kubva kuIP tekinoroji kukwikwidza zvinhu, uye zvimwe kubva kumakwikwi ebhizinesi maficha. Pano zvakakosha kuti isu tiongorore zvekare uye zvazvino zveNFC. Pazasi pane akati wandei zviitiko zvakakosha uye nguva mapoinzi eNFC:

2004- NFC Forum yakatangwa zviri pamutemo

2006- Nokia yakaburitsa yekutanga nhare inotsigira NFC (Nokia 6131i)

2010- Google yakaburitsa yekutanga smartphone inotsigira NFC (Nexus S)

2010- NFC protocol stack yakabatanidzwa nekumisikidza mu Android kodhi yekutanga

2011- Google yakaburitsa nekushandisa Google Wallet zvichibva paNFC yakadzikwa yakachengeteka

2013- Android yakagonesa Host Card Emulation (HCE) maapplication ari muKitKat 4.4 vhezheni

2014- Apple's iPhone 6 uye mutsetse wakazara wechigadzirwa unotsigira tekinoroji yeNFC

2016- Apple yakatanga Apple Pay zvichibva pane tekinoroji yeNFC kuChina

 

Mipiro kubva kuDomestic Companies

 

Tichitarisa ruzivo rwuri pamusoro apa, hapawanzo kurongeka emakambani epamba. Kubva pane zvakangoita maitiro pesvedzero maonero, mabasa emakambani epamba anonyanya kuva vateveri. Kana tikangoshandisa pfungwa iyi kuongorora makambani epamba, izvi zvingave zvisina kunaka.

Munguva yekuderera kweiyo NFC yese yekubhadhara nharembozha, nharembozha dzaiisa mari nekupa, kunyanyaChina Mobile, China Unicom,uyeChina Telecom'skuenderera mberi kwekutsigiraSWP{{0}SIM mhinduroNFC mafoni. Mhinduro chaiyo yekushanda kwemusika uye ruzivo rwemhinduro yekupedzisira imwe nyaya, asi kutarisa kumashure ikozvino, yakaita basa rakakosha kune iyo indasitiri yese, kanenge isingatungamiriri kune generational discontinuity mhedzisiro.

 

 

Market Drivers uye Applications

 

Izvo zviri pamusoro zvinonyora chete zviitiko zvikuru uye node huru dzakapesvedzera mafambiro eindasitiri. Tichitaura kune dziri pamusoro apa nguva node uye inoenderana nemusika's NFC mudziyo wekugara mwero uye activation rate data, hazvina kuoma kuona kuti maviri makuru einjini ekumhanyisa aiteerana.kuuya kwema smartphonesuyekuitwa kwekubhadhara kwenharembozha. Chikonzero ndechekuti yekutanga yakarerutsa kuoma kwekubatanidza tekinoroji yeNFC, nepo iyo yekupedzisira yakatanga kubva muruzivo rwemushandisi kubatanidza mamwe aripo ekubhadhara asingabatike maapplication mumafoni, sekubatanidza anowanzo shandiswa makadhi ekufambisa uye chip bank card application. Parizvino, iyo inooneka NFC tekinoroji tsigiro yemakadhi simulation mabasa inounza nyore kukuru kune ruzivo rwemushandisi. Semuyenzaniso, kuvhura kwekadhi rekufambisa kwevashandisi nekuchaja zvese zvinogona kupedzwa mumaapplication efoni pasina kuda kumira mumutsara pazviteshi zvekuchaja. Nharembozha dzine mabasa ekubhadhara eNFC dzinokwanisa kuzadzisa kutengeserana kwekadhi rekubhanga pasina Indaneti pamichina yePOS muchitoro, uye kadhi rinotsigirwa paindaneti-izvino uno iapplication yakakosha inobatanidza kuchengetedzeka uye ruzivo. Kubva parizvino kadhi repamhepo riri kuoneka-azvino mavhoriyamu edata retransaction, iri rinogona kunge riri basa guru rekushandisa mune ramangwana.

 

NFC Device Attributes

 

Iyo NFC Forum inotsanangura matatu makuru hunhu zvivharo zveNFC zvishandiso:iyo yekuverenga / yekunyora modhi yekunze kadhi tags, maitiro-ku{1}}kutaurirana pakati pemidziyo,uyeiyo modhi iyo iyo mudziyo pachayo inotsigira kadhi emulation.

Kuverenga/Kunyora Modhi

Mune yekuverenga / kunyora modhi inotsanangurwa neforum, parizvino chete4 marudzi ematagizvinotsanangurwa. NFC zvishandiso pamusika zvinowanzo tsigira zvinopfuura aya mana ma tag; chaizvoizvo, vanotsigira zvakawanda. Asi zvisinei, pakati peaya marudzi mana ematagi, iyo radio frequency tekinoroji yeTag1/2/4zvese zvinoenderana neISO/IEC 14443, apoTag3itekinoroji inonyanya kushandiswa mudzimba muJapan, ine mareferensi(JIS) X 6319-4.

Peer-ku-Peer Mode

Peer-ku-maitiro ekushanda evezera anoda kutarisisa zvakatemwaISO/IEC 18092. Muchokwadi, iyo yepasi inorehwa redhiyo frequency kutaurirana tekinoroji yakaitawo zvimwe zvidiki zvigadzirisoISO/IEC 14443uye(JIS) X 6319-4ndokubva azvisanganisa pamwechete. Nekuda kwezvikonzero zvebasa, ndakave nemukana wekutaurirana nevashandi vaive vatora chikamu munhaurirano dzaitsanangura izvi. Zvichida, panguva iyoyo, Philips naSony vaiyedza kutsvaga tekinoroji yaigona kunyatsosunganidza mapato ese pamwechete, ichishandiswa kubatanidza zvirinani uye kudyidzana pakati pemidziyo inotsigira ISO/IEC 14443 uye (JIS) X 6319-4 inotsigirwa nemapato ese. Gare gare, vezera{{6}ku{8}}peer mode vakawana pekupinda napo. Kubva mukuona kwehunyanzvi, tekinoroji yeredhiyo yeredhiyo yevezera-ku-peer ichiri mhando mbiri idzi.

Kadhi Emulation Mode

Nezve kadhi emulation basa, kubva pazviyero maonero, zvinoenderana nezvakasiyana zvaunofarira kana zvinangwa. Iyo NFC Forum pachayo haitsanangure uye kutsanangura chaiyo tekinoroji yebasa iri, saka kana iwe uchida kunzwisisa zvimwe zvehunyanzvi ruzivo, unofanirwa kudzidza nekudzidza.GP tsanangudzouyeJAVA kadhi zviyero. Zvichienderana nemhinduro yemusika webhuku rino, ndichabva ndafunga kana kunyora bhuku rine ruzivo rwakadzama pachinhu ichi; izvi zvose ndezvekuzotevera. Hazvina mhosva kuti ndeipi chiyero kana rudzi rwekadhi raunoda kutevedzera, pakupedzisira ndezvekuti vashandisi vazhinji vakwanise kuishandisa nekutsvaira. Asi mazhinji aripo emabhangi ePOS masisitimu uye masisitimu ekufambisa eruzhinji pamusika akavakirwa paneISO/IEC 14443 yakajairika.

 

 

Kukurukurirana Distance uye Transaction Speed

 

Kubva paneISO/IEC 14443 tsananguro, zvichireva kuti daro rekukurukurirana rinogona kusvika pamusoro10cm. Iyi idhiyo data yakavakirwa pane yemahara uye yakavhurika radio frequency ndima. Asi izvo, zviripo NFC zvishandiso pamusika, nekuda kwekumisikidzwa kwechikamu uye kuomarara kweredhiyo yakazara frequency, kureba kwekutaurirana kwezvigadzirwa zvekupedzisira kudiki pane iyi yedzidziso kukosha. Iyo yekutaurirana chinhambwe chekubudirira kwekutengeserana kweNFC zvishandiso zvinoonekwa pamusika zviri pakati2-4 cm. Kuchengeta mukati4cmiri zvakare rengedzo renji inokurudzirwa neNFC Forum. Iyo transaction data throughput yezvese zviripo veruzhinji zvekufambiswa kwezvifambiso uye mabhengi maapplication ayo anogona kuonekwa ari kunyanya mukatimazana mashoma ebhaiti. Ndokureva kuti, kunyangwe muverengi wePOS uye NFC mudziyo wekubata ruoko padanho rakaderera rekutaurirana re106 kbps, kutengeserana kwakakwana kunopedzwa mukatimilliseconds. Ndiyo chaiyo iyi nhanho yekutaurirana chinhambwe uye kumhanya kwekutengesa kunopa yakaringana ruzivo rwemushandisi hwaro hweasina kuonana nekadhi kutengeserana.

Saka muchokwadi, aya matatu anoshanda hunhu angangoita ese akavakirwa pane akafanana epasi redhiyo frequency matekinoroji.